Root canal treatment, also known as endodontic therapy, is a dental procedure performed to treat infection or damage within the pulp of a tooth. The pulp is the soft tissue located in the center of the tooth, containing nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue.

The need for root canal treatment typically arises when the pulp becomes infected or inflamed due to deep decay, repeated dental procedures on the tooth, cracks or chips in the tooth, or trauma to the tooth. Symptoms of pulp damage or infection include severe toothache, sensitivity to hot or cold, swelling, and tenderness in the gums.

During a root canal procedure, the dentist or endodontist (a dentist specializing in root canal treatment) removes the infected or damaged pulp, cleans and disinfects the inside of the tooth, and then seals it to prevent further infection. This process involves accessing the pulp chamber through an opening made in the crown of the tooth.

After the root canal treatment, the tooth may require a dental crown to restore its strength and protect it from further damage. With proper care, a tooth that has undergone root canal treatment can function normally for many years.

Root canal treatment is generally a highly successful procedure with a high rate of success in saving teeth that would otherwise need to be extracted. It helps to alleviate pain and discomfort associated with infected or damaged pulp, while also preserving the natural tooth structure.